基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型的研究与可视化

植物生长模拟研究,是利用计算机仿真技术来模拟现实中植物的生长状态。论文以胡杨生长数据为基础,通过实验分析,推出了胡杨树高与胸径之间的关系,提出一种基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型,并运用3DMax技术实现胡杨茎生长模拟的可视化,同时给出了从不同角度模拟胡杨茎生长的状态图,从而全面反映了胡杨茎的生长模拟。     

Genomic best linear unbiased prediction method reflecting the degree of linkage disequilibrium

The degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers differs depending on the location of the genome; this difference biases genetic evaluation by genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). To correct this bias, we used three GBLUP methods reflecting the degree of LD (GBLUP‐LD). In the three GBLUP‐LD methods, genomic relationship matrices were conducted from single nucleotide polymorphism markers weighted according to local LD levels. The predictive abilities of GBLUP‐LD were investigated by estimating variance components and assessing the accuracies of estimated breeding values using simulation data. When quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located at weak LD regions, the predictive abilities of the three GBLUP‐LD methods were superior to those of GBLUP and Bayesian lasso except when the number of QTL was small. In particular, the superiority of GBLUP‐LD increased with decreasing trait heritability. The rates of QTL at weak LD regions would increase when selection by GBLUP continues; this consequently decreases the predictive ability of GBLUP. Thus, the GBLUP‐LD could be applicable for populations selected by GBLUP for a long time. However, if QTL were located at strong LD regions, the accuracies of three GBLUP‐LD methods were lower than GBLUP and Bayesian lasso.     

摘叶模拟食叶害虫危害对杨树生长的影响*

摘叶模拟食叶害虫危害对杨树生长的影响高瑞桐，秦锡祥，陈德钧，卢永农关键词损失模拟，食叶害虫，杨树我国杨树害虫种类繁多，危害程度差别很大。有关专家曾作过杨树摘叶对生长影响的报道［１～３］，对指导害虫的防治有一定作用，特别是超越补偿作用在农作物上被发现并...     

Simulation Study of the Impact of Permanent Groundcover on Soil and Water Changes in Jujube Orchards on Sloping Ground

Land degradation is recognized as a major environmental problem in rainfed fruit orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Six treatments were used to investigate surface runoff and soil moisture by means of simulated rainfall experiments: (i) a control (clean cultivation) (CC); (ii) strip cock's foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cover (SCF); (iii) strip crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) cover (SCV); (iv) strip bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cover (SBF); (v) strip white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cover (SWC); and (vi) complete white clover cover (WCC). The time to runoff was significantly longer under WCC than under other treatments (p < 0·05). The total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly greater under CC than under the vegetation cover treatments (p < 0·05). The mean infiltration rate under WCC and CC was the largest and lowest and differed significantly from that under other treatments (p < 0·05). The change of soil water storage was the largest under WCC and the least under CC. The soil moisture was significantly greater under SCF than under other treatments (p < 0·05). Treatment SCF seemed to be the best groundcover for rainfed sloping jujube orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梁弯曲振动边界元法仿真研究初探

简要分析了有限元法和边界元法在梁类零件振动仿真分析中的优点和缺点．梁是常用的机械结构件,在工程机械中的应用非常广泛．应用边界元法对矩形梁弯曲振动进行了仿真分析,当梁的弹性常数不变而横截面的高宽比改变时．其固有振动频率会相应地改变,为通过改变结构参数来改善梁结构的动力学性能进行理论探索．     

人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

广西不同植被类型地表径流的研究

1982—1989年,采用定位对比对不同植被类型的地表径流量及动态进行了观测研究。结果表明:1.不同植被类型的地表径流差异很大,草坡>针叶林>阔叶林或针阔混交林;区内各植被类型的径流系数较小,平均为0.78％,但各类型间差异很大,可达57倍强。2.地表径流的季节动态,主要受降水的季节分配规律制约;而不同植被类型的地表径流量主要受植被的树冠群体或植物群体、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的综合效能所决定。这种综合效能呈现阔叶混交林或针阔混交林大于针叶林、针叶林大于草坡地的规律。文中还建立了不同植被类型地表径流深与林外降雨量的回归模型。     

祁连山主要植被下土壤对降雨分配的研究

以祁连山主要植被类型下的土壤为研究对象，对其物理性质、渗透率、渗流速度及其地表径流进行研究，结果表明：土壤的物理性质决定着土壤对降雨的分配情况，有林地将降雨全部分配成入渗水，而牧坡草地根据降雨强度和持续时间不同将降雨按不同的比例分配成入渗水和地表径流水2部分，不同植被的土壤蓄水量也各不相同。林地土壤100cm土层蓄水量为320．2～509．7mm，比牧坡草地高5．4％～60．47％，灌丛云杉和高山灌丛土壤蓄水量最高；轻度放牧的草地土壤蓄水量比强度放牧的高33．48％。